The major challenge for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry is to find alternatives and solutions for pre-clinical testing of drugs and formulations before they are released to the market.

There are no good preclinical models that say that a new drug is effective and safe to move on to clinical trials. The use of animal models is increasingly contradictory, since these trials deal with ethical issues, as well as high cost and do not provide much relevance for the assessment of human risk.

In addition, there is a growing idea that in vitro approaches can eliminate these problems without jeopardizing human security, due to the repeatability standards that bio printers allow to achieve.